Ex Oriente Lux 2022

51 ИСТОРИЯ СТРАН АЗИИ И АФРИКИ Анискевич Ксения Санкт-Петербургский Государственный университет, Восточный факультет The role of the USA in the Thailand’s industrialization during 1945-1970 The place of the United States in the industrialization of Thailand during the second half of the 20th century is a controversial topic, as it is still uncertain whether the States’ aid had a clear positive effect and led to comprehensive industrial development or not. In 1957-1975, the U.S. largely used Thailand as an operative base for its armed forces, pursuing its personal goals of the military intervention in Southeast Asia and the eradication of communist ideas there. The U.S. made significant investments in 1945-1960, but the bulk of them were used to develop military and strategic resources for the Vietnam War. For example, key military bases, which Thailand still uses to protect its territories (e. g. bases in U-tapao, Don Meuang), and communication routes were built at that time. A significant emphasis was also put on the development of the tin and rubber industries. Barely could it be labeled as the wholesome industrialization. While only some industries were indeed developed, the working class made up a small percentage of the population; the national industry was also in recession. It is reasonable to conclude that the industrial development during 1945-1975 was more beneficial for the States than for Thailand. By having created the military environment in Thailand, the USA opened up opportunities for enrichment for the military strata, the largest landlords and merchants. This played a pivotal role in strengthening the military power, which remains in Thailand up to the present day. Nevertheless, the industrialization between 1945 and 1975 provided a strong infrastructural basis for further development in Thailand with the support of other countries.